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Wang Rong
Wang Rong (; 877?〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 142.〕〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 211.〕〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 54.〕〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 54.〕〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 255.〕〔All traditional historical sources for Wang Rong indicated that he was nine when he succeeded his father Wang Jingchong in 883, making him born in 874. However, the ''Zizhi Tongjian'' also, when discussing his age when surviving Li Kuangwei's coup attempt in 893, said that he was 16, which would make him born in 877 if correct there.〕-921〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 271.〕), was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who later became the only ruler of the state of Zhao during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Late in Tang, he initially tried to chart an independent course between the more powerful warlords Zhu Quanzhong and Li Keyong, but later was forced to become Zhu's vassal, although he continued to govern his domain without much interference from Zhu. After Zhu declared himself the emperor of a new dynasty of Later Liang (as Emperor Taizu), Wang continued to serve as a vassal and was created the Prince of Zhao. Later, though, when the Later Liang emperor tried to seize the Zhao domain by force, Wang broke away from Later Liang and realigned with Li Keyong's son and successor Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin instead. In 921, Wang was overthrown and killed in a coup led by his adoptive son Wang Deming, who subsequently took over his domain and changed back to the birth name of Zhang Wenli, before dying later in the year; Li Cunxu then defeated and killed Zhang's son and successor Zhang Chujin, incorporating Zhao into his Jin state.
== Background ==
Wang Rong was probably born in 877.〔〔〔〔 At the time of his birth, his father Wang Jingchong was the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei), which the Wang family had held in ''de facto'' independence since Wang Jingchong's great-grandfather Wang Tingcou.〔 Wang Rong's mother was a Lady He; it is not known whether she was Wang Jingchong's wife or concubine, but she was described as being virtuous and strict in discipline in her rearing of Wang Rong.〔
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Wang Jingchong died in 883. The soldiers of Chengde supported Wang Rong, who at that time was only six-years-old but held the title of deputy military governor, as the acting military governor. The then-reigning Tang Dynasty emperor Emperor Xizong soon thereafter confirmed him as acting military governor, and later in the year confirmed him as full military governor.〔
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